After-school sports programmes and social inclusion processes in culturally diverse contexts: Results of an international multicase study.

This research aimed to understand the role of after-school sports programs in social inclusion processes in culturally diverse contexts through a multicase study within two locations. The first location was in Spain where immigrant and Spanish students were enrolled, and the other was in Chile with Mapuche-Huilliche students, immigrant and Chilean students. The implemented programs at both sites were similar in their educational focus on socio-educational values, and teaching models (hybridization of teaching games for understanding and cooperative learning) that enhance social inclusion. Using individual and group interviews with teachers, sports coordinators, parents, and students, a qualitative approach was used to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the social inclusion processes. In addition, the researchers used qualitative observations of the programs over six months using "notes logbook" to record their impressions during the observation process. Results indicated that the implemented sports programs successfully facilitated social inclusion processes, enabling the development of interpersonal skills and relationships between students from different cultural backgrounds. The previous training and experiences of teachers in culturally diverse contexts, and incorporation of traditional sporting games from all cultures, seems to be an important facilitator factor for the inclusion potential of the implemented programs.

Corrigendum: Warm-up stretching exercises and physical performance of youth soccer players.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1127669.].

Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren.

Background: Evidence suggests that physical self-concept (PSC) is linked to well-being in children and adolescents. Objective: The objective was to investigate the association of PSC with mental health (i.e., depression and body image), physical status (i.e., fitness and weight status) and lifestyle (physical activity (PA) patterns and nutritional level) in Chilean schoolchildren. Methods: A total of 617 schoolchildren (n = 271 girls and n = 346 boys) aged 10−14 years participated in this study. Self-concept, depression and body image dissatisfaction were determined by questionnaires. Physical fitness, PA, screen time (ST), Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and anthropometric parameters were also included. Results: Poor PSC was linked to bad cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) (<42 VO2max) (OR 1.64; 95%CI 1.12−2.34; p = 0.01), severe body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.51, 95%CI 0.99−6.35; p = 0.05), ST of more than two hours a day (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.41−3.12; p < 0.001), PA after school of no more than two hours per week (OR 1.52; 95%CI 1.08−2.13; p = 0.015) and depression (OR 1.80; 95%CI 1.1−2.92; p = 0.017). High nutritional level showed an association with general PSC and general self-concept (p < 0.05). Absence of body image dissatisfaction was related to general self-concept (p < 0.01) and physical condition dimensions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PSC is associated with CRF, PA after school, ST and nutritional level. According to mental health variables, poor PSC is related to depression in Chilean schoolchildren. Therefore, promoting a healthy lifestyle among children should be a target of community- and school-based interventions to promote PSC.

Psychological well-being related to screen time, physical activity after school, and weight status in Chilean schoolchildren / Bienestar psicológico relacionado con el tiempo de pantalla, la actividad física después de la escuela y el peso corporal en escolares chilenos

Background: the relationship between physical activity (PA) patterns and mental health in children is receiving considerable attention. Aims: the aim of this study was to compare psychological well-being in groups of schoolchildren according to PA patterns and weight status, and to determinate the association between psychological well-being and both screen time and PA after school. Material and methods: in a cross-sectional sample of girls (n = 272, aged 11.93 ± 0.94 years) and boys (n = 333, aged 12.09 ± 1.00 years), we assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat. Self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction, depression, screen time, and after-school PA were also included. Results: according to PA patterns, there were significant differences between good PA and bad PA groups in self-esteem (p = 0.013) and depression (p = 0.035). BMI was associated with depression (ß: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.53; p < 0.001). Screen time was positively associated with depression (ß: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.44; p = 0.002) and inversely associated with self-esteem (ß: -1.12; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.45; p < 0.001). Finally, after-school PA had an inverse association with depression levels (ß: -0.55; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.00; p = 0.016). Conclusion: psychological well-being was associated with screen time, after-school PA and weight status in schoolchildren

Antecedentes: la relación entre los patrones de actividad física (AF) y la salud mental en los niños está recibiendo una atención considerable. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el bienestar psicológico en grupos de escolares de acuerdo con los patrones de AF y el estado de peso, y determinar la asociación entre el bienestar psicológico con el tiempo frente a pantalla y la AF después de la escuela. Material y métodos: en una muestra transversal de niñas (n = 272, de 11,93 ± 0,94 años) y niños (n = 333, de 12,09 ± 1,00 años), evaluamos el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura y la grasa corporal. También se incluyeron la autoestima, la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, la depresión, el tiempo frente a la pantalla y la AF después de la escuela. Resultados: de acuerdo con los patrones de AF, hubo diferencias significativas entre los buenos niveles de AF y la malos niveles de AF en la autoestima (p = 0,013) y la depresión (p = 0,035). El IMC de los participantes se asoció con depresión (ß: 0,36; IC 95%: 0,19 a 0,53; p < 0,001). El tiempo de pantalla se asoció positivamente con la depresión (ß: 0,88; IC 95%: 0,32 a 1,44; p = 0,002) e inversamente con la autoestima (ß: -1,12; IC 95%: -1,79 a -0,45; p < 0,001). Finalmente, la AF después de la escuela tuvo una asociación inversa con los niveles de depresión (ß: -0,55; IC 95%: 0,10 a 1,00; p = 0.016). Conclusión: el bienestar psicológico se asoció con el tiempo frente a la pantalla, la AF después de la escuela y el estado de peso de los escolares

Psychological well-being related to screen time, physical activity after school, and weight status in Chilean schoolchildren.

INTRODUCTION: Background: the relationship between physical activity (PA) patterns and mental health in children is receiving considerable attention. Aims: the aim of this study was to compare psychological well-being in groups of schoolchildren according to PA patterns and weight status, and to determinate the association between psychological well-being and both screen time and PA after school. Material and methods: in a cross-sectional sample of girls (n = 272, aged 11.93 ± 0.94 years) and boys (n = 333, aged 12.09 ± 1.00 years), we assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat. Self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction, depression, screen time, and after-school PA were also included. Results: according to PA patterns, there were significant differences between good PA and bad PA groups in self-esteem (p = 0.013) and depression (p = 0.035). BMI was associated with depression (ß: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.53; p < 0.001). Screen time was positively associated with depression (ß: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.32, 1.44; p = 0.002) and inversely associated with self-esteem (ß: -1.12; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.45; p < 0.001). Finally, after-school PA had an inverse association with depression levels (ß: -0.55; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.00; p = 0.016). Conclusion: psychological well-being was associated with screen time, after-school PA and weight status in schoolchildren.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Antecedentes: la relación entre los patrones de actividad física (AF) y la salud mental en los niños está recibiendo una atención considerable. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el bienestar psicológico en grupos de escolares de acuerdo con los patrones de AF y el estado de peso, y determinar la asociación entre el bienestar psicológico y tanto el tiempo frente a la pantalla como la AF después de la escuela. Material y métodos: en una muestra transversal de niñas (n = 272, de 11,93 ± 0,94 años) y niños (n = 333, de 12,09 ± 1,00 años), evaluamos el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura y la grasa corporal. También se incluyeron la autoestima, la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, la depresión, el tiempo frente a la pantalla y la AF después de la escuela. Resultados: de acuerdo con los patrones de AF, hubo diferencias significativas entre los buenos niveles de AF y la malos niveles de AF en la autoestima (p = 0,013) y la depresión (p = 0,035). El IMC de los participantes se asoció con depresión (ß: 0,36; IC 95%: 0,19 a 0,53; p < 0,001). El tiempo de pantalla se asoció positivamente con la depresión (ß: 0,88; IC 95%: 0,32 a 1,44; p = 0,002) e inversamente con la autoestima (ß: -1,12; IC 95%: -1,79 a -0,45; p < 0,001). Finalmente, la AF después de la escuela tuvo una asociación inversa con los niveles de depresión (ß: -0,55; IC 95%: 0,10 a 1,00; p = 0.016). Conclusión: el bienestar psicológico se asoció con el tiempo frente a la pantalla, la PA después de la escuela y el estado de peso de los escolares.

Relación entre salud y deporte escolar desde una perspectiva intercultural, un estudio multicaso / Correlation between health and school sports from an intercultural perspective: multiple case study

Resumen Introducción. La salud y el deporte configuran prácticas, creencias y relaciones culturales particulares en cada contexto. Objetivo. Analizar las creencias de estudiantes inmigrantes y mapuche-huilliche sobre la relación entre deporte escolar y salud. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló un estudio multicaso cualitativo con enfoque etnográfico. Participaron 71 sujetos subdivididos en dos grupos: uno constituido por estudiantes inmigrantes que participaban de un programa de deporte escolar con principios comprensivos de enseñanza en España (n=47) y otro compuesto por alumnos de la etnia Mapuche-Huilliche que participaban de un programa análogo en Chile (n=24). Para la recolección de datos se aplican tres entrevistas colectivas a cada grupo. Resultados. Ambos colectivos perciben una asociación positiva entre la participación en deporte escolar y el desarrollo de la salud en diferentes dimensiones. Existen diferencias respecto a la interpretación cultural que ambos grupos otorgan al concepto salud y sus posibles relaciones con el deporte escolar. Sin embargo, en ambos contextos existen situaciones en que se considera de forma parcial la cultura de los estudiantes para trabajar sobre estos temas. Conclusiones. Estudiantes inmigrantes y mapuche-huilliche establecen creencias positivas sobre la relación entre deporte escolar y desarrollo de salud en sus diferentes manifestaciones.

Abstract Introduction: Health and sports shape particular practices, beliefs and cultural relationships in different contexts. Objective: To analyze the beliefs of immigrant and Huilliche-Mapuche students about the correlation between school sports and health. Materials and methods: A qualitative multiple-case study was developed based on an ethnographic approach. Participants included 71 subjects subdivided into two groups: one made up of immigrant students who participated in a school sports program with comprehensive teaching principles in Spain (n=47) and another made up of Huilliche-Mapuche students who participated in a similar program in Chile (n=24). Three group interviews were applied to each group for data collection. Results: Both groups perceived a positive association between participation in school sports and the development of health in different dimensions. There are differences regarding the cultural interpretation that both groups give to the concept of health and its possible correlation with school sports. However, both contexts present situations in which the culture of students is partially considered to work on these issues. Conclusions: Migrant and Huilliche-Mapuche students reported positive beliefs about the correlation between school sports and health development in its different manifestations.

Comparison of body composition and physical performance between college and professional basketball players / Comparación de la composición corporal y rendimiento físico entre jugadores de baloncesto universitario y profesional

Introduction: The body composition, anthropometrics and physical performance of basketball players are fundamental for their practice of the sport. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare body composition and physical performance among college and professional basketball players. Method: The sample consisted of 2 groups of male basketball players (n=17) (age: 23.61±3.45): Group 1 college players (n=9; age: 22.48±3.79 years), and Group 2 professional players (n=8; age: 24.88±2.69 years). Weight, height, fat mass and muscle mass were measured. Physical performance was measured in throwing the ball (m/s), gripping strength (Kg), speed over 20 metres, jumping and reactive strength. The mean height of the college basketball players was 179.44±7.97 cm, weight 83.61±14.64 kg, body mass index (BMI) 25.94±3.95 kg/m2, % body fat mass 16.64±7.07, % Muscle mass 47.59±4.01; the mean height of the professional players was 181.50±8.42 cm, weight 89.73±25.56 kg, BMI 26.94±5.87 kg/m2, % body fat mass 19.26±8.20, % Muscle mass 46.26±4.55. Results: There were no significant differences in the % of body fat and muscle mass, similar results to those found in handgrip strength, ball-throwing speed and speed in 20 meters with and without the ball (p >0.05). For physical performance only the Q index and the floor contact time (DJ-t) in drop jumps presented statistical differences (p <0.05), with better results achieved by the college players. Conclusion: College and professional basketball players do not show significant differences in body composition and variables associated with physical performance, especially the vertical jump capacity that is lower in both groups compared to what is reported in the scientific literature

Introducción: La composición corporal, antropométrica y el rendimiento físico de los jugadores de baloncesto, son fundamentales en el desempeño deportivo. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar la composición corporal y el rendimiento físico entre jugadores de baloncesto universitario y profesional. Método: La muestra estuvo constituida por 2 grupos de jugadores de baloncesto varones (n=17) (edad: 23,61±3,45), el grupo 1 por universitarios (n=9; Edad: 22,48± 3,79 años) y el grupo 2 por profesionales (n=8; Edad: 24,88± 2,69 años). Se evaluó peso, talla, masa grasa y muscular. El rendimiento físico se midió a través del lanzamiento de balón (m/s), fuerza prensil (Kg), velocidad en 20 metros, capacidad de salto y fuerza reactiva. El grupo de jugadores de baloncesto universitario presentó una talla promedio de 179,44 ± 7,97 cm, peso corporal 83,61 ± 14,64 kg, índice de masa corporal (IMC) 25,94 ± 3,95 Kg/m2, % masa grasa 16,64±7,07, % masa muscular 47,59±4,01, en cambio los profesionales presentaron una talla de 181,50 ± 8,42 cm, peso corporal 89,73 ± 25,56 kg, IMC 26,94 ± 5,87 Kg/m2, % masa grasa 19,26 ± 8,20 y % masa muscular 46,26 ± 4,55. Resultados: En la comparación del % de grasa corporal y masa muscular no existieron diferencias significativas, resultados similares a los encontrados en fuerza prensil, velocidad de lanzamiento del balón y velocidad en 20 metros con y sin el balón (p >0,05). En relación al rendimiento físico solo el índice Q y el tiempo de contacto en Drop Jump (DJ-t) presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p <0,05), con mejores resultados en el grupo universitario. Conclusiones: Los jugadores de baloncesto universitario y profesional no muestran diferencias significativas en la composición corporal y las variables asociadas con el rendimiento físico sobretodo la capacidad de salto vertical que es menor en ambos grupos comparado con lo reportado en la literatura científica

Prescripcion del ejercicio fisico para la salud, influencia del entrenamiento de la fuerza intermitente y en la composición corporal de universitarios sedentarios con ascendencia étnica diversa / Prescription of physical exercise for health impact of training in strength indicator body composition of university sedentary with different ethnic ancestry

El objetivo del estudio es determinar si el entrenamiento de fuerza de tipo intermitente modifica la composición corporal principalmente el porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular de jóvenes sedentarios universitarios. Estudio cuasi experimental con pre prueba y pos-prueba en una muestra de 8 sujetos sin grupo control, seleccionados de manera intencionada. Se realizó medición antropométrica al comienzo y al finalizar el programa de entrenamiento. Se concluyó que un programa de entrenamiento de 2 meses de duración con 3 sesiones semanales en días alternos, provoca disminución significativa (p<0,05) en la masa grasa y un aumento significativo (p<0,05) en la masa muscular, por lo cual se comprueba que el entrenamiento intermitente con sobrecarga, provoca cambios significativos en la fuerza máxima, y composición corporal en personas sedentarias.

The aim of the study is to determine whether strength training intermittent type body composition changes mainly fat percentage and muscle mass of young university sedentary. Quasi experimental study with pre-test and post-test on a sample of 8 subjects with no control group, selected intentionally. Anthropometric at the beginning and end of the training program was conducted measurement. It was concluded that a training program 2 months with 3 sessions per week on alternate days caused significant decrease (p <0.05) in fat mass and a significant increase (p <0.05) in muscle mass, which is proven by the intermittent resistance training causes significant changes in maximal strength, and body composition in sedentary people.